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How to Create Chatbot in HTML CSS and JavaScript

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How-to-Create-Working-Chatbot-in-HTML-CSS-and-JavaScript

You might have encountered chatbots (Create Chatbot in HTML CSS and JavaScript) across various websites, as they have become integral features of modern web platforms and applications. If you’re not familiar with them, chatbots are computer programs that function as virtual assistants, capable of comprehending user inquiries and delivering relevant responses.

Creating a chatbot provides an excellent hands-on learning opportunity for novice web developers looking to gain practical experience with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript – essential skills for building real-world projects. In this blog post, I’ll walk you through the process of crafting a fully functional chatbot entirely from the ground up, using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Our Chatbot allows users to ask any question and receive prompt responses. It boasts an elegant and adaptable user interface, ensuring a smooth user experience across various devices. It’s worth noting that this chatbot leverages the OpenAI API to generate responses to user queries, and this API is available for free. (Chatbot in HTML CSS and JavaScript)

If you prefer learning through video tutorials, the provided video is an excellent resource for you to understand the process of creating your own functional chatbot. In the video, I explain each line of code and provide informative comments to make it beginner-friendly and easy to follow.

However, if you prefer reading blog posts or want a quick summary of the steps involved in creating this chatbot project, you can continue reading this post. By the end of this post, you will have your own chatbot that you can use to ask questions or integrate into your website or existing web projects.

Steps To Create Chatbot in HTML CSS and JavaScript

To create your own working chatbot using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, follow these step-by-step instructions:

  1. Create a folder. You can name this folder whatever you want, and inside this folder, create the mentioned files.
  2. Create an index.html file. The file name must be index and its extension .html
  3. Create a style.css file. The file name must be style and its extension .css
  4. Create a script.js file. The file name must be script and its extension .js

To start, add the following HTML codes to your index.html file: This code snippet includes a chatbot header, a chatbox unordered list (ul), and an input field for user messages. By default, the chatbot will display a greeting message as the first chat “li”. We’ll use JavaScript later to dynamically add more chat “li” that contain chat details.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- Coding By CodingNepal - www.codingnepalweb.com -->
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Chatbot in JavaScript | CodingNepal</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <!-- Google Fonts Link For Icons -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@48,400,0,0" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Rounded:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@48,400,1,0" />
    <script src="script.js" defer></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <button class="chatbot-toggler">
      <span class="material-symbols-rounded">mode_comment</span>
      <span class="material-symbols-outlined">close</span>
    </button>
    <div class="chatbot">
      <header>
        <h2>Chatbot</h2>
        <span class="close-btn material-symbols-outlined">close</span>
      </header>
      <ul class="chatbox">
        <li class="chat incoming">
          <span class="material-symbols-outlined">smart_toy</span>
          <p>Hi there 👋<br>How can I help you today?</p>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <div class="chat-input">
        <textarea placeholder="Enter a message..." spellcheck="false" required></textarea>
        <span id="send-btn" class="material-symbols-rounded">send</span>
      </div>
    </div>

  </body>
</html>
How to Create Working Chatbot in HTML CSS and JavaScript
Chatbot in HTML CSS and JavaScript

Next, add the following CSS codes to your style.css file to apply visual styling to your chatbot. Now, if you load the web page in your browser, you will only see the chatbot toggle button at the bottom right corner. You can customize this code to your liking by adjusting the color, font, size, and other CSS properties.

/* Import Google font - Poppins */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');
* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-family: "Poppins", sans-serif;
}
body {
  background: #E3F2FD;
}
.chatbot-toggler {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 30px;
  right: 35px;
  outline: none;
  border: none;
  height: 50px;
  width: 50px;
  display: flex;
  cursor: pointer;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #724ae8;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
body.show-chatbot .chatbot-toggler {
  transform: rotate(90deg);
}
.chatbot-toggler span {
  color: #fff;
  position: absolute;
}
.chatbot-toggler span:last-child,
body.show-chatbot .chatbot-toggler span:first-child  {
  opacity: 0;
}
body.show-chatbot .chatbot-toggler span:last-child {
  opacity: 1;
}
.chatbot {
  position: fixed;
  right: 35px;
  bottom: 90px;
  width: 420px;
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 15px;
  overflow: hidden;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: scale(0.5);
  transform-origin: bottom right;
  box-shadow: 0 0 128px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1),
              0 32px 64px -48px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
  transition: all 0.1s ease;
}
body.show-chatbot .chatbot {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: auto;
  transform: scale(1);
}
.chatbot header {
  padding: 16px 0;
  position: relative;
  text-align: center;
  color: #fff;
  background: #724ae8;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
.chatbot header span {
  position: absolute;
  right: 15px;
  top: 50%;
  display: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}
header h2 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
}
.chatbot .chatbox {
  overflow-y: auto;
  height: 510px;
  padding: 30px 20px 100px;
}
.chatbot :where(.chatbox, textarea)::-webkit-scrollbar {
  width: 6px;
}
.chatbot :where(.chatbox, textarea)::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 25px;
}
.chatbot :where(.chatbox, textarea)::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  background: #ccc;
  border-radius: 25px;
}
.chatbox .chat {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
}
.chatbox .outgoing {
  margin: 20px 0;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}
.chatbox .incoming span {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  color: #fff;
  cursor: default;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 32px;
  align-self: flex-end;
  background: #724ae8;
  border-radius: 4px;
  margin: 0 10px 7px 0;
}
.chatbox .chat p {
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  border-radius: 10px 10px 0 10px;
  max-width: 75%;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  background: #724ae8;
}
.chatbox .incoming p {
  border-radius: 10px 10px 10px 0;
}
.chatbox .chat p.error {
  color: #721c24;
  background: #f8d7da;
}
.chatbox .incoming p {
  color: #000;
  background: #f2f2f2;
}
.chatbot .chat-input {
  display: flex;
  gap: 5px;
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 100%;
  background: #fff;
  padding: 3px 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
}
.chat-input textarea {
  height: 55px;
  width: 100%;
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  resize: none;
  max-height: 180px;
  padding: 15px 15px 15px 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.chat-input span {
  align-self: flex-end;
  color: #724ae8;
  cursor: pointer;
  height: 55px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  visibility: hidden;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
}
.chat-input textarea:valid ~ span {
  visibility: visible;
}

@media (max-width: 490px) {
  .chatbot-toggler {
    right: 20px;
    bottom: 20px;
  }
  .chatbot {
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    height: 100%;
    border-radius: 0;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .chatbot .chatbox {
    height: 90%;
    padding: 25px 15px 100px;
  }
  .chatbot .chat-input {
    padding: 5px 15px;
  }
  .chatbot header span {
    display: block;
  }
}

Here how to create Chatbot in HTML CSS and JavaScript Finally, add the following JavaScript code to your script.js file: This script code will make your chatbot functional, which means now you can ask your questions, show or hide the chatbot by clicking the bottom right toggle button, and more.

const chatbotToggler = document.querySelector(".chatbot-toggler");
const closeBtn = document.querySelector(".close-btn");
const chatbox = document.querySelector(".chatbox");
const chatInput = document.querySelector(".chat-input textarea");
const sendChatBtn = document.querySelector(".chat-input span");

let userMessage = null; // Variable to store user's message
const API_KEY = "PASTE-YOUR-API-KEY"; // Paste your API key here
const inputInitHeight = chatInput.scrollHeight;

const createChatLi = (message, className) => {
    // Create a chat <li> element with passed message and className
    const chatLi = document.createElement("li");
    chatLi.classList.add("chat", `${className}`);
    let chatContent = className === "outgoing" ? `<p></p>` : `<span class="material-symbols-outlined">smart_toy</span><p></p>`;
    chatLi.innerHTML = chatContent;
    chatLi.querySelector("p").textContent = message;
    return chatLi; // return chat <li> element
}

const generateResponse = (chatElement) => {
    const API_URL = "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions";
    const messageElement = chatElement.querySelector("p");

    // Define the properties and message for the API request
    const requestOptions = {
        method: "POST",
        headers: {
            "Content-Type": "application/json",
            "Authorization": `Bearer ${API_KEY}`
        },
        body: JSON.stringify({
            model: "gpt-3.5-turbo",
            messages: [{role: "user", content: userMessage}],
        })
    }

    // Send POST request to API, get response and set the reponse as paragraph text
    fetch(API_URL, requestOptions).then(res => res.json()).then(data => {
        messageElement.textContent = data.choices[0].message.content.trim();
    }).catch(() => {
        messageElement.classList.add("error");
        messageElement.textContent = "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again.";
    }).finally(() => chatbox.scrollTo(0, chatbox.scrollHeight));
}

const handleChat = () => {
    userMessage = chatInput.value.trim(); // Get user entered message and remove extra whitespace
    if(!userMessage) return;

    // Clear the input textarea and set its height to default
    chatInput.value = "";
    chatInput.style.height = `${inputInitHeight}px`;

    // Append the user's message to the chatbox
    chatbox.appendChild(createChatLi(userMessage, "outgoing"));
    chatbox.scrollTo(0, chatbox.scrollHeight);
    
    setTimeout(() => {
        // Display "Thinking..." message while waiting for the response
        const incomingChatLi = createChatLi("Thinking...", "incoming");
        chatbox.appendChild(incomingChatLi);
        chatbox.scrollTo(0, chatbox.scrollHeight);
        generateResponse(incomingChatLi);
    }, 600);
}

chatInput.addEventListener("input", () => {
    // Adjust the height of the input textarea based on its content
    chatInput.style.height = `${inputInitHeight}px`;
    chatInput.style.height = `${chatInput.scrollHeight}px`;
});

chatInput.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => {
    // If Enter key is pressed without Shift key and the window 
    // width is greater than 800px, handle the chat
    if(e.key === "Enter" && !e.shiftKey && window.innerWidth > 800) {
        e.preventDefault();
        handleChat();
    }
});

sendChatBtn.addEventListener("click", handleChat);
closeBtn.addEventListener("click", () => document.body.classList.remove("show-chatbot"));
chatbotToggler.addEventListener("click", () => document.body.classList.toggle("show-chatbot"));

Please note that your chatbot is currently unable to retrieve responses to your questions because you have not provided your API key in the AP_KEY variable. To get a free API key from OpenAI, sign up for an account at https://platform.openai.com/account/api-keys.

” Remember that when you sign up for OpenAI, you’ll get a free $5 credit for your API usage. If your account is older than 3 months or the credit runs out, you’ll need a paid account or create a new one with a new number to keep using the API. Your API usage and expiration date can be found on the account’s usage page.” (Chatbot in HTML CSS and JavaScript)

The above code provided follows a simple flow. First, it displays the user’s message in the chatbox and uses the OpenAI API to generate an appropriate response to the message. While waiting for the API response, a “Thinking…” message is shown. Once the response is received, it replaces the “Thinking…” message in the chatbox. (Chatbot in HTML CSS and JavaScript)

To understand codes better, I recommend watching the above tutorial video, reading the code comments, and experimenting with the code. (Chatbot in HTML CSS and JavaScript)

Conclusion and Final Words

In conclusion, creating a working chatbot allows you to apply your skills to a real-world application. I hope that by following the steps in this post, you’ve successfully created your own chatbot using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

To further improve your web development skills, you can try recreating the ChatGPT Clone Project using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. This project helps you expand your knowledge by creating a ChatGPT clone with additional features like dark/light themes and saved chats using local storage.

If you encounter any difficulties while creating your own Chatbot or your code is not working as expected, you can download the source code files for this Chatbot project for free by clicking the Download button. Remember that after downloading the file, you’ll have to paste an “OpenAI API key” into the API_KEY variable in the script.js file.

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